SCI写作常见的语法问题

• 阅读： 2024/3/15 11:15:24

  科技论文写作特别注重实验描述的清晰度和思想表达的准确度。句子要尽量简短和清晰。例如：如果As discussed above的前面一句话有两个主语, 那这个above指的是哪个一定要指出，不然就容易造成表达不清晰。

  1. 主语和谓语的单数和复数要一致

  例：A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids are present in the sample.

  句中 A high percentage才是真正主语，所以谓语用单数 is

  注意：集合名词当整体用时谓语用单数，每个成员当个体时谓语用复数。

  例1：The number of mice was increased.

  例2：A number of mice have died.

  例3：All of the samples were analyzed

  例4：All of the safety procedure was followed

  注意：代词none既可以是单数也可以是复数，none后面的词是单数，用单数；后面的词是复数，用复数。

  例1：None of the information was usefu.

  例1：None of the animals have died.

  注意：描述数量/质量/体积/时间等词用单数，但分次添加或减少时用复数。

  例：1.5 mL was added/10 g was added/5 g were added ste-pwise.

  2. 修饰语同主语名词关系上要一致

  用动名词/分词短语/不定式短语做修饰语时，修饰语中的动词要同主句中的主语关系上要一致。

  例（动名词）：After finished the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.

  finishing形式主语是We或者I，主句主语是activity，不一致。

  应改为：After the purification was finished, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.

  或者：After finished the purification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.

  例（分词短语）：The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method.

  iron concentration和 using the Fenton reaction method关系不一致

  因该把using 改为 by。

  例（不定试短语）：To confirm the diagnosis, the blood test was ordered.

  不定式短语的形式主语是doctor, 而主句的主语为blood test不一致，所以要改为：To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered the blood test.

  3. 主语和主语的谓语保持逻辑一致

  由于中文和英文表达方式的不同，有时候把中文直接翻译成英文是不妥的，例如price is cheap, 中文理解是价格便宜，但是英文一般说价格用高低，而物品才说cheap。

  例：The highest antibiotic production was obtained at 48h.

  宜改为：production yield

  例：The reaction was prepared...宜改为：reaction solution/ method.

  4. 代名词的使用

  代名词和其代理的先行词要在人称/单数/复数，和性别上一致。例如：he, his; she, her; it, its; they, their; these, those; that, this等，使用时一定避免误解。

  例：Many related compounds were synthesized and their antivirus activities were studied. compounds和their一致。

  例：growth hormone is a protein. it promotes human body growth.

  例：The reports were submitted to therequesting agencies, buttheywere ignored.

  这里的they到底是指 reports还是requesting agencies。

  宜改为：The requesting agenciesignored the submitted re-ports

  5. 强调的作用

  如要强调某件事，就把它放到句子的前面。科技论文写作一般把主句先写出来，除非你想强调条件。

  例：Through scavenging free radicals, antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases.

  宜改为：Antioxidants play an important role in protecting ag-ainst complex diseases through scavenging free radicals.

  例：Before the hurricane arrived, most of the people have moved out.

  宜改为：Most of the people have moved out before the hurricane arrived.

  6. 名词作形容词

  论文写作中常会把名词作为形容词用，当一个名词修饰另一个名词是=时，容易理解，但3个名词放一起就要注意了，例如：blood white cell number(改为the number of blood white cell)

  这时候需要将最后一个名词提前+介词（of/in/on...）+名词+名词。

  7. 句子时态

  科技论文只有两种时态，现在时态和过去时态。偶尔使用完成时态。

  描述已发表的文献成果时用现在时。

  描述未发表的文献成果时用过去时。

  Abatract描述自己的实验和结论要用过去时。

  Introduction中总结文献和问题，以现在时为主。

  Method和results用过去式。

  Discussion根据文献和自己实验分别用现在时和过去时。

  例: Wang showed that...(引述过去的实验时，宜用过去时)

  例: Table/Figure shows that...(Table/Figure显示的结果可用现在时)

  计算结果和统计分析结果应该用现在时

  8. 主动句和被动句

  很多人用被动句，但其实主动句更加好。

  It is reported that... 宜改为 we reported that...

  9. 标点符号的使用

  注意逗号是用来分开两个独立的句子

  分号后面的首字母要小写

  10. 冠词的使用

  当名词表示泛指时，不要加定冠词the。

  例：there has been increased in loss of agricultural land.

  宜改为：there has been an increase in the loss of agricul-tural land.

  以上便是我读研时候积累的一些写作的语法，都是比较基础但又容易忽略的常见语法。我记得我第一篇SCI改了六次，很多错误就是这些语法的问题，当时还被老师说过，往事不堪回首啊，不过自从发了第一遍SCI后，我的写作语法得到很大的提升，这要感谢我老师的指导和自己阅读文献的积累，现在分享给大家了，祝愿大家看完这篇文章能在SCI路上少受语法折磨哈

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